CO Biology & Medicine Tool

Cardiac Output

Calculate cardiac output from heart rate and stroke volume. This page combines the live calculator with the underlying formula or method, a worked example and practical study notes.

Study Tools / Biology & Medicine / Cardiac Output
Clinical note: Cardiac output is a calculated physiologic quantity whose accuracy depends on the supplied heart rate and stroke-volume inputs and the measurement method used to obtain them.
Clinical calculator
Calculate Cardiac Output

What Is the Cardiac Output?

Calculate cardiac output from heart rate and stroke volume. The calculator is paired with the governing relationship so the numerical output stays connected to the concept you are studying.

Use this page to check worked examples, compare different inputs, and keep the meaning of each variable visible while practising.

Formula or Method

Formula / method
CO = HR × SV

Multiply heart rate by stroke volume, then convert units as needed. In physiology, the common clinical display is L/min. Keep units and conventions consistent with the problem statement and with the options shown in the calculator.

How to Use the Calculator

  1. Read the input labels and enter the values requested by the problem or exercise.
  2. Check units, signs, angle mode, population/sample options, or other settings before calculating.
  3. Compare the result with the displayed formula or method and the worked example below.

Worked Example

Example: A heart rate of 70 bpm and stroke volume of 70 mL gives CO=4.9 L/min.

Common Mistakes

Why It Matters for Students

The Cardiac Output is useful when a physiology or molecular/quantitative relationship needs a fast numerical check. Keep the input definitions and units visible while studying so the calculation remains tied to the underlying concept.

Cardiac output is a calculated physiologic quantity whose accuracy depends on the supplied heart rate and stroke-volume inputs and the measurement method used to obtain them.

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Body Surface Area
Estimate body surface area with common clinical formulas.

These pages are part of the same Study Tools system. For the complete collection, open the 2,420-tool NexaMed Study Tools hub.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the cardiac output used for?
The Cardiac Output applies the relationship shown on this page to the inputs you provide. It is intended as a practical study and reference tool. The page is designed for educational/reference use and shows the assumptions behind the calculation.
What formula does the cardiac output use?
Multiply heart rate by stroke volume, then convert units as needed. In physiology, the common clinical display is L/min.
How do I use the cardiac output?
Enter the requested values, check the units or options, and calculate. Then compare the result with the formula, worked example and notes on the page. The page is designed for educational/reference use and shows the assumptions behind the calculation.
Calculation source: This page uses the NexaMed Prep Study Tools engine and the same tool definition used by the main interactive hub. Formula descriptions are presented for educational reference; follow the conventions, units and assumptions required by your course, textbook or examination.